Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs
Advisory Board
Hon. Howard H. Baker
Howard H. Baker, Jr. served three terms as a United States Senator from Tennessee (1967-1985) and was Tennessee's first popularly elected Republican Senator. He rose to national prominence during the Watergate Hearings of 1973-1974 as Vice Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee, the highest ranking Republican on the Committee. He served as Minority Leader of the Senate from 1977-1981 and as Majority Leader from 1981 until he retired from the Senate at the end of this third term in January, 1985. He was a candidate for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination and served as President Ronald Reagan's Chief of Staff in 1987-1988. For the next thirteen years he worked in several Tennessee law firms. In 2001 President George W. Bush appointed him as U.S. Ambassador to Japan.
Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Brzezinski is a Center for Strategic and International Studies counselor and trustee and co-chairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the Policy Planning Council of the Department of State from 1966 to 1968; chairman of the Humphrey Foreign Policy Task Force in the 1968 presidential campaign; director of the Trilateral Commission from 1973 to 1976; and principal foreign policy adviser to Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential campaign. From 1977 to 1981, Dr. Brzezinski was national security adviser to President Carter. In 1981 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his role in the normalization of U.S.-China relations and for his contributions to the human rights and national security policies of the United States. Dr. Brzezinski received a B.A. and M.A. from McGill University (1949, 1950) and Ph.D. from Harvard University (1953). He was a member of the faculties of Columbia University (1960-1989) and Harvard University (1953-1960). Dr. Brzezinski holds honorary degrees from Georgetown University, Williams College, Fordham University, College of the Holy Cross, Alliance College, the Catholic University of Lublin, Warsaw University, and Vilnius University. His many books include Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower (forthcoming); The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership (2004); The Geostrategic Triad: Living with China, Europe, and Russia (2001); The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (1997); and The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the 20th Century (1989).
Professor John Deutch
John Deutch is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a member of the MIT faculty since 1970, and has served as Chairman of the Department of Chemistry, Dean of Science and Provost. He has also served in significant government and academic posts throughout his career. In May 1995, he was sworn in as Director of Central Intelligence following a unanimous vote in the Senate, and served as DCI until December 1996. From March 1994 to May 1995, he served as the Deputy Secretary of Defense. From March 1993 to March 1994, Dr. Deutch served as Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisitions and Technology. From 1977 to 1980, he served in a number of positions for the U.S. Department of Energy: as Director of Energy Research, Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Technology, and Undersecretary of the Department. He earned a B.A. in history and economics from Amherst College, and both the B.S. in chemical engineering and Ph.D. in physical chemistry from M.I.T. He holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, University of Lowell, and Northeastern University. He serves as director for the following publicly held companies: Cheniere Energy, Citigroup, Cummins, and Raytheon.
Hon. Lawrence S. Eagleburger
Lawrence Eagleburger joined the Foreign Service in 1957 and served in numerous positions in Latin America, Eastern and Western Europe, and Washington, DC with the Departments of State and Defense and the National Security Council. In June 1977, President Carter appointed Mr. Eagleburger Ambassador to Yugoslavia, where he served for 3 years. In early 1981, Mr. Eagleburger was nominated by President Reagan to be Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs. In February 1982, he was appointed Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, the third-ranking position in the Department. Secretary Eagleburger capped a brilliant twenty-seven year career in the State Department when he was named Secretary of State by President Bush in 1992. He received his B.S. degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1952, served as first lieutenant in the U.S. Army from 1952 to 1954, and earned his M.S. degree, also from the University of Wisconsin, in 1957.
Adm. Bobby R. Inman
Admiral Bobby R. Inman, USN (Ret.) Inman served in the U.S. Navy from November 1951 to July 1982, when he retired with the permanent rank of Admiral. While on active duty he served as Director of the National Security Agency and Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. After retirement from the Navy, he was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) in Austin, Texas for four years and Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Westmark Systems, Inc., a privately owned electronics industry holding company for three years. Admiral Inman also served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas from 1987 through 1990. Inman became an adjunct professor at the University of Texas at Austin in 1987. He was appointed as a tenured professor holding the Lyndon B. Johnson Centennial Chair in National Policy in August 2001. From January 1 through December 31, 2005, he served as Interim Dean of the LBJ School. Admiral Inman's primary activity since 1990 has been investing in start-up technology companies, where he is a Managing Director of Gefinor Ventures. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Massey Energy Company and several privately held companies. He serves as a Trustee of the American Assembly and the California Institute of Technology. He is a Director of the Public Agenda Foundation and is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1950, and from the National War College in 1972.
Gen. James L. Jones
General James L. Jones is president and CEO of the U.S. Chamber's Institute for Energy. On February 1, 2007, General Jones completed 40 years of active duty service in the Marine Corps. His two final assignments were as 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps and Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, and Commander, U.S. European Command. He is a decorated combat veteran who has worked closely with government, business, and civic leaders in an effort to protect and advance U.S. and allied interests around the world. General Jones was awarded a bachelor of science degree (1966) and an honorary doctorate of letters (2002) from Georgetown University. He is a 1985 graduate of the National War College in Washington, DC. His personal decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal (four awards), the Silver Star Medal, the Legion of Merit (five awards), the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V," and the Combat Action Ribbon. Following his assignment to NATO, he was awarded several international decorations from member nations of the Alliance and the NATO Meritorious Service Medal.
Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger was the 56th Secretary of State of the United States from 1973 to 1977, continuing to hold the position of Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs which he first assumed in 1969 until 1975. After leaving government service, he founded Kissinger Associates, an international consulting firm, of which he is chairman. From 1954 until 1971 he was a member of the Faculty of Harvard University, both in the Department of Government and at the Center for International Affairs. He was Associate Director of the Center from 1957 to 1960. He served as Study Director, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, for the Council of Foreign Relations from 1955 to 1956; Director of the Special Studies Project for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund from 1956 to 1958; Director of the Harvard International Seminar from 1951 to 1971, and Director of the Harvard Defense Studies Program from 1958 to 1971. Secretary Kissinger has written many books and articles on United States foreign policy, international affairs, and diplomatic history. Dr. Kissinger was born in Fuerth, Germany, on May 27, 1923, came to the United States in 1938, and was naturalized a United States citizen on June 19, 1943. From 1943 to 1946 Dr. Kissinger served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps and from 1946 to 1949 was a captain in the Military Intelligence Reserve. He received the BA Degree Summa Cum Laude at Harvard College in 1950 and the MA and PhD Degrees at Harvard University in 1952 and 1954 respectively.
Hon. Virginia A. Mulberger
Virginia Mulberger is a founding Principal and the Managing Director of The Scowcroft Group. Prior to forming The Scowcroft Group, Ms. Mulberger served four years in the White House as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director of Legislative Affairs on the staff of the National Security Council. In that capacity, she was responsible for the integration and implementation of national security legislative strategies for the Executive Branch. Preceding her White House tour, Ms. Mulberger was a Principal with DGA, International, a Washington-based consulting firm. With DGA, International, she assisted European corporations in strategic planning, marketing, joint ventures and technology transfer. From 1974 to 1983, Ms. Mulberger served as an active duty Air Force Officer in Air Force intelligence and legislative affairs positions. She completed her active duty service as Deputy Director, Air Force Senate Liaison. She fulfilled the remainder of her Air Force career as a Reserve Officer in international security assistance, retiring in 1996. Ms. Mulberger received her Masters degree from Georgetown University in National Security Studies. She is a Vice Chairman of The Atlantic Council of the United States and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and International Institute for Strategic Studies.
Ambassador Roman Popadiuk
Roman Popadiuk has been serving as Executive Director of the George Bush Presidential Library Foundation since January, 1999. Dr. Popadiuk served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine in 1992-1993. He was Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary for Foreign Affairs under President George Bush, a position he held towards the end of President Reagan's administration. From 1995 through 1998, Dr. Popadiuk served as International Affairs Advisor and senior civilian on the staff of the Commandant of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. A retired member of the career Senior Foreign Service, he has received a number of awards, including the State Department's Superior Honor Award and the Meritorious Honor Award. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the US-China Relations Conference at Texas A&M University.
Lt. Gen. Bernard L. Trainor
Bernard Trainor enlisted in the Marine Corps at the end of World War II and was selected for officer training under the Holloway Program (later the NROTC) and assigned to Holy Cross College, Worcester, MA. Upon graduation in June of 1951 he was commissioned a second lieutenant and served in a variety of billets in the United States and abroad before retiring with the rank of Lt. General after serving as Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, Policies and Operations and Marine Corps Deputy to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 30 June 1985. Trainor is a highly decorated combat veteran with service in Korea and Vietnam. After retirement from the military, Trainor became The New York Times' military correspondent. In 1990, he joined Harvard's Kennedy School of Government as Director of the National Security Program until he retired from his directorship at Harvard in September 1996. Since then, he has been a Senior Fellow for National Security at the Council on Foreign Relations and a military analyst for NBC television. Lt. General Trainor holds a Master's degree in History and did graduate work for a doctorate at the University of Colorado. He is co-author of The Generals' War, the acclaimed analysis of the Gulf War and Cobra II, the inside story of the invasion and occupation of Iraq.
Dr. Cindy Williams
Cindy Williams is a Principal Research Scientist of the Security Studies Program of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Formerly she was an Assistant Director of the Congressional Budget Office, where she led the National Security Division in studies of budgetary and policy choices related to defense and international security. Dr. Williams has served as a director and in other capacities at the MITRE Corporation in Bedford, Massachusetts; as a member of the Senior Executive Service in the Office of the Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon; and as a mathematician at RAND in Santa Monica, California. Dr. Williams holds a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Irvine. She has published in the areas of command and control and the defense budget, and she is the editor of three books: Holding the Line: U.S. Defense Alternatives for the Early 21st Century (MIT Press 2001); Filling the Ranks: Transforming the U.S. Military Personnel System (MIT Press, 2004); and with Curtis Gilroy, Service to Country: Personnel Policy and the Transformation of Western Militaries (MIT Press 2007). She is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration and a member of the Naval Studies Board, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the International Institute of Strategic Studies. She serves on the advisory board of Women in International Security and on the editorial board of International Security.